PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT 17 WWW.GOFLY.ONLINE Y ONLI NE FLI GHT SCHOOL The forces in a stabilised climb In stabilised climb, the forces acting on a light fixed wing aircraft are adjusted to allow the aircraft to ascend while maintaining a constant airspeed. Lift When a climb is commenced the lift may be more than the weight, however during a stabilised climb where the aircraft is climbing at a constant rate and airspeed, the lift force equals the weight. Weight During a stabilised climb, the weight force is the same as the lift force. Thrust During a stabilised climb, the thrust is more than the drag and this allows the aircraft to continue the climb. Drag In a stabilised climb, the drag is less than the thrust. The forces in a stabilised descent In stabilised descent, the forces acting on a fixed-wing aircraft are adjusted to allow the aircraft to descend while maintaining a constant airspeed Lift In a stabilised descent, the lift force is equal to the weight Weight In a stabilised descent, the weight force is equal to the lift force Thrust In a glide descent with no power thrust is less than drag, however gravity is the force that replaces the force of thrust in overcoming the drag. In a powered descent, both thrust and gravity overcome drag. Drag In a glide descent drag is more than thrust, however gravity provides a force that overcomes the drag. With a powered descent, some of the thrust is used to counteract the drag force. The forces in a balanced level turn When the aircraft is flying straight and level, the lift and weight force balance each other. However, when the aircrafts banks, the lift force still acts at right angles to the wing., and some of the lift force is now acting towards the centre of the turn, meaning that not all of the lift force is acting against the weight. Effectively we now have more weight force than lift, and if nothing changes the aircraft will start descending. To maintain a balanced level turn, we will need to create more lift otherwise the aircraft will start to descend. The pilot would increase the angle of attack, by moving the control column slightly rearward, to create more lift to counter the weight force. • Lift - In a balanced level turn, the lift force equals the weight • Weight - In a balanced level turn, the weight balances the lift. • Thrust - In a balanced level turn, the thrust equals the drag • Drag - In a balanced level turn, the drag equals the thrust Centripetal force/G loading During the turn, the horizontal component of lift force creates centripetal force, which acts as the horizontal component of the lift force. This force is required to keep the aircraft in the turn. The centripetal force that keeps the aircraft in the turn
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