29 WWW.GOFLY.ONLINE Y ONLI NE FLI GHT SCHOOL PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT Ice and frost Ice and frost on the wing can have serious effects on an aircraft’s ability to create lift. As the ice or frost both change the shape of the wing and disturb the laminar airflow, this has the effect of increasing the stall speed. Ice and frost can also add additional weight to the aircraft that may also increase the stall speed. Ice and frost increases the airspeed at which the aircraft will stall. Rolling G loading Rolling G loading refers to G loading the aircraft experiences if the pilot pulls G or loads the aircraft while rolling at the same time. Changing bank angle while simultaneously changing G load creates a differential in the loading of one wing relative to the other. This results in a twisting force on the attachment points that is higher than if the load was applied symmetrically on the airframe. It is one reason you rarely see aerobatic pilots pulling G and rolling at the same time. They normally roll, then pull back on the controls to maintain height once the wings have already rolled. Windrop Stall and Spin recovery To avoid a spin, it is important that the pilot recognises the impending stall/spin and applies positive measures to stop the rotational forces that result. Generally a spin results from the incorrect handling of a wing drop stall. Wing drop stall recovery technique • Reduce the angle of attack by moving the control column forward, installing the wing • At the same time as reducing angle of attack apply full opposite rudder (to the wing that has dropped, or the direction of rotation) • NO NOT USE AILERON. Keep the ailerons in the neutral position. • Allow airspeed to increase to above the stall speed • Return to level attitude while applying full power, being careful not to exceed VNE, or to stress the airframe by pulling back on the controls too quickly • To regain height, adopt a climb altitude and airspeed and, when safe to do so, level off Opposite rudder It is very important to use the opposite rudder to correct a wing drop stall. If the left-wing drops, the right rudder is applied during recovery. If the right-wing drops, the left rudder is applied during recovery. NEVER USE AILERON It is natural for the pilot to try and use aileron to pick up the down going wing during a wing drop stall, but this should be avoided at all costs. If the pilot uses aileron to try and lift the dropped wing, the aileron on the upward wing will be deflected up and will suddenly decrease the lift available and potentially stall the upward wing. This can cause an abrupt wing stall reversal, where the other wing stalls violently and the aircraft rapidly rolls and yaws in the opposite direction.
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